This article comprehensively examines the increasing strategic importance of digital data on a global scale and the concomitant data security problems it brings. The study first addresses the emergence of the big data paradigm, its role in economic and social transformation, and the opportunities offered by the digital economy. Subsequently, global data security problems such as cyber threats, data breaches, and privacy concerns are detailed, emphasizing the inadequacy of traditional security approaches. Finally, proactive strategies for a sustainable security model are proposed, including security-by-design, zero-trust architectures, AI-assisted systems, post-quantum cryptography, and green computing solutions that also consider environmental sustainability. The future perspective highlights the importance of privacy-enhancing technologies and adaptive cybersecurity systems. The article concludes that fully leveraging the potential of digital data is only possible with a comprehensive, multi-layered, and sustainable security mindset.