Analysis of Inorganic Blood Element Fluctuations in the Context of Hyperglycemia Risk Factors

Abstract

Hyperglycemia (HG) is a prevalent condition among patients, necessitating continued efforts to identify effective therapeutic interventions that can improve population health outcomes. Given the extensive side effects associated with chemical pharmacological treatments, scientific research has increasingly focused on biological compounds that align more closely with normal physiological metabolism rather than the metabolism of xenobiotics. In this context, contemporary medicine has turned its attention to the role of macro- and micronutrients, which have the potential to stabilize the microbiota, the primary regulator of metabolic processes, in line with a pathogenetic approach to hyperglycemia. The association between macro- and microelements and various etiological factors of hyperglycemia has been an area of active investigation. Within this framework, the role of inorganic blood elements in the development and progression of hyperglycemia is of particular interest. Our study aims to investigate the underlying reasons for discrepancies observed in the literature concerning the impact of micro- and macroelements in hyperglycemia. For this, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 2024 biochemical laboratory data from the Azerbaijan Medical University Teaching Surgery Clinic. Our findings reveal a statistically significant inverse correlation between hyperglycemia and serum calcium and magnesium levels. Notably, we present pioneering evidence that changes in the concentrations of inorganic blood elements were significant (P=0.01 and 0.001 for Ca and Mg, respectively) despite remaining within the generally accepted normal reference ranges.