An Examination of Physical Activity, Sports, and Recreational Activity Policies for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Turkey

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and behavior. Physical activity and sports are crucial for enhancing the motor skills, social interaction, and quality of life of individuals with ASD. Access to these activities represents a rights-based issue concerning equality and social inclusion. While various policies exist in Turkey, their effectiveness for individuals with ASD and implementation challenges remain underexplored. Objective: This study aims to evaluate existing state policies in Turkey that support the participation of individuals with ASD in physical activity, sports, and recreational activities, considering their scope, implementation, and impact. Methods: A literature review was conducted, examining policy documents, legislation, strategic plans, and academic publications issued by relevant governmental institutions. Collected documents were analyzed using content analysis to assess accessibility and support for individuals with ASD. Results: The analysis revealed several state policies facilitating access to physical activity and sports for individuals with ASD. Measures to promote social participation were identified; however, limitations regarding accessibility, scope, and institutional coordination were also noted. Findings suggest that while policies have positive effects, improvements are needed to enhance sustainability and inclusivity. Conclusion: Policies addressing physical activity and sports for individuals with ASD represent important progress. Nonetheless, further development is recommended to increase accessibility, inclusivity, and responsiveness to specific needs. Strengthening inter-institutional collaboration and monitoring processes is also essential for effective policy implementation.